Demographic developments in western Europe facilitated this “colonization.” The settlers—certain of personal independence, fastened rents, plus some measure of self-administration and running underneath the so-known as German Law—Started new villages and cities or reorganized outdated types. Cities been given formal charters (Wrocław in 1242, Poznań in 1253, Kraków in 1257) https://polawede.tumblr.com/